Marketing Report for the Library of Birmingham (E- Marketing) Essay

Showcasing Report for the Library of Birmingham (E-Marketing) - Essay Example 7). The foundation includes a decent notoriety inside the business, which helps it in issues of rivalry. In addition, the establishment runs under the system of vital strategic vision, which relates to the nearby government, which places it in a situation to partake effectively in issues of advancement and development of the city and locale on the loose. In addition, the establishment appreciates sound authority by the board who champion the vision and targets of the organization. Sound administration structures help in guaranteeing the assets of the establishment are adequately used. The presence of dynamic showcasing office has been extremely instrumental in upsetting the activities of the foundation through the change from the customary strategies for administration conveyance to the modernized computerized frameworks of administration conveyance (Department for culture, media and expressions, nd, para 1-2). Presentation The training and exploration segment in the cutting edge liv ing has advanced extraordinarily with high rivalry being noted in such administrations as the library administrations, showing strategies just as learning modes. Library benefits specifically include confronted a lot of upset inside the innovative age. Changes are noted in move being used of electronic materials for learning when contrasted with print materials/advanced period (Sridhar, 1989, p. 1; Balasubramanian et al, 2012, p. 1). Rivalry in the institutional or open library administrations has been eminent in issues identifying with the offices being used, the structure structuresthemselves just as the learning materials accessible. Additionally, security, simple entry, the cost ramifications in using the library benefits just as the degree of modernization as far as embracing innovation in offering the administrations. Digitization of learning materials, for example, books just as different distributions has molded the course of the current library administrations. The utilizat ion of innovation to look and recover the investigation materials from physical just as online libraries have enormously changed the exploration and learning in the cutting edge times. This accordingly suggests rivalry inside library administrations has focused more on hanging out as far as offering progressively modernized administrations. Individuals have received digitallearning where not at all like in the past where individuals conveyed print material while gaining from the library benefits, the current students and scientists are utilizing advanced media suchascomputer frameworks, and other computerized devices to access and read from a library. Web based facilitating of library administrations has helped increment the simplicity of openness of library learning materials defeating the impediments of physical area, the time hindrance where an individual can now effectively get to explicit library materials at the accommodation of one’s area and at whatever time (24 hours ). Different measurements striking in the advancement in library administrations has been in showcasing methodologies inside libraries. New measurements in advertising the administrations of libraries have been altered where current advertizing procedures, for example, through sites and through advanced modes in online networking stages have been enormously recognized and embraced. Membership to customized alarms of administrations

Greek Education v.s Roman Education Essay Example For Students

Greek Education v.s Roman Education Essay Likenesses and Differences:Ancient Greece versus Antiquated RomeMany characteristics of the Ancient Roman human advancement were without a doubt obtained from their ancestors of the Greek culture (Bonner 1). Roman instruction, in any case, is just an impression of the Greek training framework. Old Roman training strategies vary from the training techniques utilized by Ancient Greek guidance. All things considered, these two distinct methodologies contain numerous likenesses. In spite of the fact that the Romans put forth an attempt to replicate the style of instruction kept up by the Greeks, their endeavors fizzled; anyway Rome figured out how to embrace numerous standards of Greek training all the while. This is made clear by investigating Greek and Roman instruction strategies just as the clarification of the common issues and desires each culture was looking during this time. It was not until Rome vanquished the little Greek society, Tarentum, in 272 B.C. that they could see the s ignificance of being educated people (Dobson 92). This contact with Greek culture permitted Romans to utilize the Greek estimations of training that could be seen inside this little culture (Dobson 92). Before the production of state kept up schools and institutes in Greece, advanced education was chiefly saved for the world class people of a network (Handbook: Greece 253). Preparing for these residents comprised of guidance in the territories of music, verse, numeracy, and strict custom (Handbook: Greece 253). In contrast to the Greeks, Roman instruction was essentially nonexistent before the improvement of legitimate educational systems in the Roman culture (Dobson 91). By law, early Roman instruction necessitated that the dad be the main schoolmaster of his child (Dobson 94). The mother would show kids essential standards until age seven (Avi-Yonah 176). A short time later, the dad was responsible for the childhood of his kid (Avi-Yonah 176). Beside showing essential perusing, co mposing, and number-crunching, the essential subject of guidance comprised for the most part of fight strategies and cultivating systems (Avi-Yonah 176). Antiquated Greece built up educational systems around mid seventh century B.C., one century subsequent to composing was presented (Handbook: Greece 253), be that as it may, it was not until the Hellenistic age that these schools were established or kept up by the city (Devambez 404). Before the Hellenistic age guardians were urged to send their understudies to class, yet were not constrained by law (Devambez 404). The guardians of an understudy would pay an expense to the instructor in return for coaching (Devambez 404). The expenses were ordinarily extremely low in light of the fact that a large portion of the educators were slaves or inadequately paid (Handbook: Greece 254). The main kids that needed appropriate instruction were those from devastated families that couldn't bear to pay the showing expenses (Devambez 404). Roman tr aining started much uniquely in contrast to Greece instruction. Following quite a while of war among Rome and its neighboring nations, Romans at long last discovered enough time for contemplating expressions of the human experience (Dobson 92). It is muddled when the Ancient Romans initially settled an educational system in light of the fact that there is no much contention over the various records (Dobson 96), anyway the primary reported record was in the third century B.C. (Handbook: Rome 211). Romans strived to accomplish a similar degree of training framework as Ancient Greece; be that as it may, the couple of taught Romans that endeavored to build up the Roman instruction framework were commonly fruitless in their endeavors (Avi-Yonah, 177). Roman instruction subjects were like those in Greece, yet the methodology of training was extremely unique. The fleeting prior Roman style of showing included very different ideas than the frameworks utilized by the Ancient Greeks (Handbook : Rome, 211). The educators for these subjects were for the most part Greeks that had been oppressed and compelled to instruct (Bonner 165). This clarifies the likenesses between the topic instructed in both Roman and Greek schools. The fundamental territories of guidance for both Ancient Roman and Greek understudies were made out of essential number juggling and perusing and composing abilities until at any rate age eleven (Handbook: Rome 211). Except for Sparta, Classic Greek schools showed these fundamental aptitudes to for all intents and purposes every single little youngster, however just the children of the rich would proceed with their examinations up to age eighteen (Handbook: Greece 253). Traditional Athens comprised of three fundamental types of instruction: perusing, music, and aerobatic (Handbook: Greece 253)Athenian schools comprised of perusing, composing, and number juggling educated by a grammatiste, which was a coach for small kids (Handbook: Greece 253). Perusing in schools of Classical Athens regularly included crafted by Homer (Dewald 1099). Homeric writing made a reason for showing the fundamental perusing and composing aptitudes just as abstract mastery (Dewald 1078). Progress was recorded by what number of Homeric works an understudy had perused just as which ones (Dewald 1079). Music and verse was instructed by a kithariste, or lyre player (Handbook: Greece 253). Music was a significant part of Greek training and a lot of significance was laid on the guidance of singing and instruments in both Sparta and Classical Athens (Devambez 173). They made another solid science and tasteful of music that was applied to arithmetic and utilized for mental understanding into the entertainer (Levi 151). A paidotribe, or mentor, showed sports and physical instruction (Handbook: Greece 253). This part of instruction was authorized more in the Spartan culture than in Athens (Handbook: Greece 253). In contrast to Athens, Spartan schools upheld an aggres sive sort of instruction (Handbook: Greece 253). Young men between the ages of seventy and twenty were taken from their homes and prepared in battle with an accentuation on music and moving, sports and physical instruction (Handbook: Greece 253). The young ladies were additionally prepared in these subjects so as to be fit moms of future warriors (Handbook: Greece 253). During Hellenistic occasions, the youngsters were broken into three age gatherings (Handbook: Greece 254). This is the period wherein optional training rose, alongside the organizing of state funded school structures, exercise rooms, and libraries (Handbook: Greece 254). Pretty much every network held these structures and open tutoring was essentially implemented by precedent-based law (Levi 154). The Hellenistic time frame offered approach to new showing standards and advanced education (Dewald 1090). Youngsters were part into age bunches that comprised of kids up to age fourteen, kids fourteen through eighteen, and those more than eighteen (Handbook: Greece 254). The second gathering of understudies would proceed with their instruction and further their insight into obscure subjects (Handbook: Greece 254). Because of expanded research on specific zones of study, kids were then ready to investigate new fields of premium, as opposed to the fundamental perusing, composing, and number juggling that was being instructed in Classical Athens (Dewald 1090)The sciences were one of the numerous subjects that analysts picked up enthusiasm for (Dewald 1090). Science and arithmetic were critical to the Greeks logicians in light of the fact that the two subjects were so firmly related; they were regularly instructed as a component of each other (Dewald 1090). Numerous rationalists even made Academies for the particular goal of advancing the information regarding these matters and how they influenced space science, theory, and other significant subjects of the obscure world (Dewald 1088-1089). Prior to the production of schools, early Roman instruction standards looked like those of Sparta more than some other Greek society. In Roman culture, after the age of eleven the child would be shown extra abstract subjects in Latin and Greek by a grammaticus so as to plan for talk (Handbook Rome 211). Be that as it may, the fundamental investigation of premium was weapon dealing with and battle schedules (Dobson 95). This is presumably because of the distraction with war and endurance during the initial 500 years of Roman presence (Dobson 91). As Roman instruction progressed and schools were shaped, Greek slaves were taken as guides (Bonner 37). Roman educational program comprised of a considerable lot of indistinguishable ideas from the Greeks, but at the same time was totally different in content. Roman instruction before long started to look like that of the Greeks during the Hellenistic time frame (Gwynn 35). Greek thinkers that came to Rome not long after the overcome of Taren tum added to the Hellenization of Roman culture (Gwynn 35). One contrast between the talk styles of Roman and Greece is the way that Romans embraced the Latin style of talk by about second century B.C. (Handbook: Rome 211). As the Greek understudies had considered Homer, there was no predominant abstract hotspot for Roman culture, subsequently the youngsters examined both Greek and Latin literature(Dobson 98). Since the possibility of Roman instruction was to create helpful residents, which was the social way to deal with educating, youthful Romans contemplated the writing so as to create viable talking aptitudes (Handbook: Rome, 211). Along these lines, Rome duplicated the Greek culture, be that as it may, the learning styles were to some degree diverse in that Greek read Homer for chronicled records and artistic records, yet Romans utilized these abstract attempts to improve their social and composing abilities (Handbook: Rome, 211). A central distinction between these two societies is the consolidation of unknown dialects (Dobson 111). While the Romans basically spoke Latin, a considerable lot of the examination writings were written in the Greek language and required interpretation by the Roman understudies (Dobson 111). The Greeks had never incorporated any language other than their own in their examinations (Dobson 111). Another distinction in the substance of Roman examinations incorporates the investigation of history (Dobson 118). Youthful Romans would examine the historical backdrop of their countrys legends in extraordinary detail, though Greeks fundamentally contemplated the anecdotal records of Homer (Dobson 118). What's more, Romans didn't examine science and

How to get a UROP

How to get a UROP Me: Can I please list can raise each eyebrow independently in the skills section of my resume, so it doesnt look so empty? Other Freshman: I made my first resume when I was six; I knew eight different programming languages by that point, and started my first company while in the womb. Which of these people will be able to land an undergraduate research position in their first year at MIT? Thats right! They both can. Thus is the beauty of the UROP program. UROP, noun or verb (to UROP). Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program. 85% of MIT undergraduates participate in research while theyre here in labs and machine shops and offices and goodness knows what else, on campus and around the world. As far as I can tell, UROPing follows a basic rule of thumb: if you want one, you can get one. One night, youre getting ready for bed when you hear a knock at your bedroom door. You open it to find a Nobel Prize winner on his knees, begging you to UROP with him. Ill even give you my medal! he says. Lets be honest: your chances of finding yourself in this situation are basically zero. The initiative has to come from you. Before you embark upon your quest: Make a resume. Youre definitely going to be asked for your resume, so you might as well make one now. That way, you wont have to worry about throwing it together when the time comes. The MIT career office is a great, under-used (from what I hear) resource: I made an appointment with them to go over my first draft, and found it very helpful. Think about what your interests are. Youre definitely going to be asked to describe them. Think about why it is you’re looking for a UROP in the first place (I trust it’s something other than “I’m bored”), or why it is you’re interested in a particular area of research. Do you have prior experience that you want to build upon, or put to use in a new way? Do you have no prior experience, and want to try something new? Is there a particular cause you feel strongly about? Have a little faith. No one is expecting you to waltz onto campus with years of research experience or any at all under your belt. Professors definitely recognize that everyone has to start somewhere. I had a little freak-out about this earlier in the year, and a grad student friend of mine said something that I found very comforting: “in my experience” (and trust me – this guy has a lot of experience) “its a lot more important to show that youre willing to learn, than it is to show off how much you already know. ^Something to bear in mind. Anyway, here you are, resume and bucketloads of faith in tow. Time to begin your search! Resources to take advantage of: 1) People you know (professors, TAs, freshman advisor, GRT, friends), 2) The UROP website, 3) Department websites, 4) Department doors (knock!), 5) Off-campus institutions, and 6) Talks and symposia. 1. People you know Professors: you have regular access to these people, and they all do research! I know people who got UROPs by sticking around after lecture, or visiting during office hours. Chat to your professor about his or her work, and if it sounds like something you might be interested in, ask if there are any UROP opportunities available. Worst possible scenario: there aren’t, and you look elsewhere. Don’t feel intimidated. TAs: again, people you have regular access to, who do research. Maybe you find your TA easier to approach than your professor; he or she holds office hours, too, so you can chat then or before/after recitation. Your freshman advisor: it’s this person’s job to help you. My advisor wrote a couple of e-mails on my behalf to people he knew in his department, which was awesome. It helps to know people who know people. Your GRT: a graduate student living in your dorm. Mine does work at the Media Lab, and I definitely wouldn’t hesitate to ask him for suggestions. Again: it helps to know people who know people. Friends: remember that the vast majority of undergrads UROP at some point. Most of the people I know currently UROP. While a friend probably can’t single-handedly set you up with a job, chances are that they’ve been through the process before and can at least point you in the right direction. 2. The UROP website Professors, post docs, and grad students will post openings on this website, along with their contact information. There are a zillion kinds of UROPs across a zillion departments, so you’re bound to find something that interests you. Bear in mind that not all UROPs are advertised, so you should also take a look at 3. Department websites Many (most) UROP opportunities go unadvertised: you have to make them, in a sense. If there’s a particular department or area of research that interests you, check out their website, find a professor or lab doing work that looks cool, and get in touch with them. I usually attach my resume, since I know they’ll ask for it later anyway. If you’re feeling a little bold and don’t want to deal with the possibility that you won’t get a response to your e-mail (more on this later), you can knock on 4. Department doors I was at a Physics faculty dinner a couple months ago, and chatted with a professor who told me that to find a UROP, I should wander the halls of the department and knock on office doors with copies of my resume on-hand. Sounds a little intimidating (hi Famous Physicist! Job please?) but shows some spine, in my opinion. I know someone who landed a summer internship at CERN this way. If you’re dying to get off-campus (understandable), you can also look 5. Outside MIT I found out recently that it’s possible to UROP off-campus: at the Children’s Hospital, for example. I dont have any personal experience with this, but I would probably start here, or by getting in touch with someone at the UROP office. Finally, keep your eyes peeled for information about 6. Talks and symposia Sign up for mailing lists, read posters in the hallways, and ask your dorm-mates to forward you information they receive from their respective departments. I signed up for the Brain and Cog Sci mailing list before I even got to MIT, and thats how I ended up with my first UROP: I attended a talk, thought it was interesting, and approached the speaker at the end to express my interest in her work. I introduced myself (heart pounding and teeth chattering), shook hands, explained that I was considering a major in her department, and asked if there were any opportunities to help out with the research in her lab. She told me to send her my resume, and that was that. I was pretty pleased with myself, and turned to leave – two seconds later, my feet got tangled up in some random person’s briefcase, and I face-planted. Right in front of her. I was out of that room like a shot. Anyway, I e-mailed herand never got a response (might have something to do with the face-planting), which brings me to my next point: Be ready to fight for it. If you really want a UROP, sometimes you have to fight for it. Stalk for it, even. Here’s the thing: I recognize that MIT professors are very busy people. E-mails get buried in overflowing inboxes; it happens to all of us. But listen: if I want a UROP, I am not going to allow myself to flow out of anybodys inbox. So there. Anyway, after about two weeks, I accepted that my e-mail was not going to be answered. I did a quick search online, found the professor’s office number, and walked in. A couple of post-docs stared at me, waiting for an explanation of who I was and what I was doing there. I said that I had sent an e-mail to the professor a couple of weeks ago about a UROP, and wanted to follow up in person. They told me that she was currently traveling, but that another post doc was looking for a UROP, and that I should e-mail her. I walked back out, post docs contact information in hand, and sent her my resume that evening. no response. Find another lab? No way. I wanted that UROP. I signed up to be a research subject for the lab, and during a break in the procedure, asked the woman administering the experiment about UROPing. The response was, in sum: Im from Harvard, and have no idea what a UROP even is. My response, in sum: :( :( :( A week later, I got an e-mail from the Lab Manager, who said that hed heard that I was interested in doing research with the group, and that two post docs were looking for a UROP. I have never responded to an e-mail so quickly in my life. I scheduled an interview, and was working with the two post docs by the end of the week. A heads up about the UROP interview: as far as Im aware, most UROPs require some kind of interview. In my experience, these are pretty casual: the researcher just wants to know a little more about what your specific interests are, and what you hope to get out of the job. Make sure youve done your research on what kind of work your interviewer does, and come prepared with a few questions of your own: you should be assessing the UROP as much as the interviewer is assessing you. It should be a two-way fit, so that you actually enjoy committing to the experience. In conclusion: if you want a UROP, you will find one, even if you have to bang down a few intimidating office doors (or fall flat on your face) along the way. Hopefully that covered most of it! If you have any other questions, or if youre a UROP veteran with advice of your own, please post below or e-mail me and Ill create a little FAQ/addendum section.

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1217 Words

One World Many Colors â€Å"Tom’s death was typical.Typical of a nigger to cut and run. Typical of a nigger’s mentality to have no plan, no thought for the future, just run blind first chance he saw. Funny thing, Atticus Finch might’ve got him scott free, but wait--? Hell no. You know how they are. Easy come, easy go. Just shows you, that Robinson boy was legally married,they say he kept himself clean , went to church and all that, but when it comes down to the line the veneer s mighty thin. Nigger always comes out in’em.†(Lee 322) In Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird, is a story of race discrimination, set in a southern town called Maycomb, Alabama year 1933. Our narrator Jean Louise Finch or known as Scout, tells us how it’s like living in a racist town. As she was growing up, an incident happens with a african american man named Tom Robinson accused of rapeing a young white woman named Mayella Ewell. Even with all the evidence that showed Tom Ro binson was innocent with everyone knew that he was innocent. He is found guilty due to the color of his skin. Racism is one of the world s major problems that we still have today, many people are not aware of how much racism is in the world, which exist everywhere in the world. Harper Lee shows us the evils of racism in her book. Robert E.Lee Ewell or Bob Ewell, a undereducated widower who spends his own money and his relief checks own alcohol, then his own family, also letting Mayella Ewell his oldest daughter, worryShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Lee’s mother. With that being said Harper Lee became a writer like her father, but she became a American writer, famous for her race relations novel â€Å"ToRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestlyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words   |à ‚  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† throughout the novel by writing innocent characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinson’s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there was poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings.Growing up is used frequently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the theme growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1052 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. Why is the preconception of racism, discrimination, and antagonism so highly related to some of the characters in this book? People often have a preconceived idea or are biased about one’s decision to live, dress, or talk. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee examines the preconceptionRead MoreHarper Lee and to Kill a Mockingbird931 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee and her Works Harper Lee knew first hand about the life in the south in the 1930s. She was born in Monroeville, Alabama in 1926 (Castleman 2). Harper Lee was described by one of her friends as Queen of the Tomboys (Castleman 3). Scout Finch, the main character of Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockinbird, was also a tomboy. Many aspects of To Kill a Mockingbird are autobiographical (Castleman 3). Harper Lees parents were Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words   |  8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, herRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,

The case of European Court of Justice Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Theories of actuarial science have been used since the advent of modern-day insurance. Actuarial science can provide general insight into risk management issues (Poitras, 2002). It examines situations where the chance of loss or no loss is considered. The concept of insurance is hinged on the aspect of risk sharing (pooling of risks). Insurance often uses actuaries to perform risk assessment and determine the level of premiums that an individual need to pay according to risks that may occur. Different people from different occupations are predisposed to different risks. Therefore, insurance companies find it difficult to assign a uniform premium rate to clientele in the same pool since these clients suffer different levels of predisposition to the same risks. The ECJ made a final ruling that determined that the offering of different insurance premiums or other benefits based on gender are a violation of the fundamental right to equal treatment. In this ruling, the ECJ; the highest E uropean court, barred European insurance companies from pricing premiums differently based on the sex of prospective policyholders. Women tend to obtain cheaper premiums as they attributed to as a low-risk group. We will write a custom essay sample on The case of European Court of Justice or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The court termed this action as being against an EU directive that stated the union should always aim, in all its activities, to promote equality between men and women. The court ruled that the rules were not compatible with Article 6(2) of the Treaty. The decision by the ECJ on the insurance discrimination case was met by inflamed opinions concerning the authority of supranational European legal bodies (Lui, 2011). The case based on Council Directive 2004/113 implementing the principle of equal treatment of both genders in the access to and supply of all goods and services. According to Wagner (2011), a directive, in European law, tells member states on what they ought to achieve but the details on how to go about the achievement are left to the member state to decide.

Should the age 16 be the legal driving age Free Essays

Should the age 16 be the legal driving age? Studies show that at the ages sixteen and seventeen you are more likely to die than any other age in your life and the reason for that is driving. In 2013 just a little under a million teenage drivers were involved in reported crashes according to AAA. However even with all the accidents that happen between the ages of sixteen and seventeen, sixteen is still the perfect age to start driving, but the training for teenage drivers needs to be more drastic. We will write a custom essay sample on Should the age 16 be the legal driving age? or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the biggest problems with teenage drivers is texting and driving. Over the years with so many advances in technology this problem has just gotten worse. When teenagers are driving it should not just be the driver that must be responsible for staying off their phone while driving, it should also be the passengers. When the driver sees their passengers on their phones they are more likely to grab their own phone and get on themselves. So hold each other accountable and help the driver to stay off the phone while driving it could save lives. Another one of the biggest problems with teenage driving is having non-family members in the car before before the driver is ready for that kind of responsibility. Adding just one non-family passenger to a teenage driver’s car increases the chance of a crash by 44% the risk doubles with another and quadruples with three or more. Now in order to keep this from happening parents should make sure their kids are ready before they allow their children with other non-family members in the car. By doing this the risk for a crash will drop substantially and that’s all we really want as parents, to make sure our children are safe. One of the biggest problems if not the biggest problem for teenage drivers is drinking and driving. In 2013 almost one third of teenage drivers killed in crashes had been drinking. Over the years this problem has just gotten worse because of peer pressure, trying to fit in with the popular kids and addiction. As parents it should be our responsibility to make sure our children know their values so that when the time comes to say no they will have the will power to be able to say no. In conclusion teenage drivers have always been a problem when it comes to accidents. However that does not mean that we need to change the age at which we can learn how to drive, it just means that we need to have more rules and regulations for young drivers to keep them out of harms way. Parents need to make sure that their children are able to know the difference between making a dumb decision that could cause someone to lose their life, and choosing the smart decision and staying away from things that teenage drivers are too inexperienced to know how to do in a high risk situation. How to cite Should the age 16 be the legal driving age?, Papers

Water Pollution Origins and Ways of Resolving

Water pollution is of the major concerns for policy-makers and environmental agencies. Such an organization as GRACE Communication Foundation intends to increase people’s awareness about the origins of various environmental problems and ways of resolving them. In my opinion, the issues identified by this agency should be considered by policy-makers who have to encourage the improvement of environmental practices, adopted by manufacturers or farmers. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution Origins and Ways of Resolving specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is one of the main points that should be discussed. Additionally, the evidence presented at this website indicates it is necessary to reconcile different needs. On the one hand, one can speak about the necessity to supply a great number of people with agricultural products. Nevertheless, it is necessary to minimize the negative effects of mass pr oduction. These questions will become even more urgent in the future. The evidence provided by environmental agencies indicates that industrial agriculture is one of the factors that significantly contribute to the deterioration of water quality. To a great extent, this problem can be attributed to the extensive use of various chemicals such as nitrates, ammonia, pathogens, heavy metals, and so forth. Additionally, one should remember about the use of nutrients that leads to the excessive growth of various underwater plants. More importantly, policy-makers should consider such risks as water shortages that can affect many communities. On the whole, it is possible to say that many of these effects can be avoided. For example, industrial farmers can do it by reducing their use of heavy metals, antibiotics, or nitrates. Therefore, it is important to develop methods that can better ensure the quality of water in the country. Overall, the increasing problem of water pollution urges bot h citizens and policy-makers to pay more attention to the practices adopted by contemporary farmers. They should be obliged to minimize the long-term impact of their activities on environment. More importantly, people should increase their awareness about the products that they consume because this food can be dangerous for the health. In particular, they should purchase food only from those companies that adopt sustainable technologies and production processes in order to safeguards themselves against various diseases. Therefore, the principles of ethical consumerism are relevant to the protection of environment.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is important to remember that the investment into technologies can bring a great number of improvements, related to the conservation of water quality. They are also vital for avoiding water shortages. More importantly, this str ategy can help industrial companies save costs. This is one of the arguments that can be advanced, and it should be considered by the managers of modern companies, especially those ones that are engaged in industrial agriculture. These organizations should remember that their financial performance is dependent on the quality of water and the sustainability of natural environment. Overall, the preservation of water quality should be one of the top priorities for policy-makers and community members. The work of industrial farmers is definitely important for the wellbeing of many people. Nevertheless, one can disregard the need to protect water because it is vital for the long-term sustainability of the economy in every country. The practices used by many companies lead to water shortages and pollution of rivers and lakes. Therefore, community and legislators should join their efforts to address this problem because in the future, it will become even more urgent. This essay on Water Pollution Origins and Ways of Resolving was written and submitted by user Nikolas Cherry to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Msc. Management (FT) Essays

Msc. Management (FT) Essays Msc. Management (FT) Essay Msc. Management (FT) Essay Q1. Based on your own experience of traditional bookselling and your exploration of online bookselling, compare willingness-to-pay for books supplied by these two business models. In the US, the traditional bookselling had a market of about 26 million dollars in the year 1996 and had grown to about 33 million dollars in the year 2001.   It is growing at the rate of about 4.8 % per annum.   An average American citizen buys about 10 books a year in 1996.   Book buying usually increases during the weekends and during the fourth quarter of the year.   Usually individuals between the ages of 35 to 75, buy books. In the US, more than 50, 000 new titles are published every year.   However, people read both old and new releases.   When considering traditional bookstalls, it is important to take into consideration the publishers, wholesalers and the retailers.   One of the most popular publishers in the US is Simon Schuster (which hold a 11 % share of the market).   In recent years, many of the small publishers have been taken over by the larger ones as they were facing loses and it was increasingly becoming difficult to maintain relationships with writers and retailers.   In the traditional system of book vending, the publishers for bulk purchasers offer huge amounts of discounts to retailers and wholesalers.   Retailers are offered a discount of about 55 %, whereas wholesalers are offered a margin slightly above that.   However, there has been a lot of controversy in this regard, due to apparent favoritism.   Hence, many of tee publishers are now made to sign agreements with t he retailers and the wholesalers, regarding the amount of discounts that could be offered.   In the traditional system, the retailers and the wholesalers can return books to the publisher and they would get a full refund of the money.   However, it may be difficult to return the soft copies such as CD’s to get a credit on the amount.   The practice of returning the books to the publisher has developed as early as the depression period, in which retailers were guaranteed return of the unsold copies so that only the popular books could be kept on the shelves.   The number of return of books is rising gradually, as people want to read the new books and the best sellers.   In the year 1986, returns of the books were in the range of 15 to 25 % and in 1996 it rose to 30 %.   These books have to be recycled or sold through alternative ways with discounts. Baker and Taylor were one of the major wholesalers in the US and Ingram Books was another major wholesaler.   These wholesalers provided the retailers with discounts and volume-based purchases.   They acted as middlemen between the publisher and the retailer.   Although, the costs of services were slightly higher, they performed many functions for the convenience of the retailer and the publisher including speedy delivery, after sales services, free-services, cutting the gaps between the manufacturer and retailer, accepting feedback, etc. Retailers on the other hand have increasingly beginning to gain an important share in the market since the 1970’s.   The two largest chain stores in the US included Dalton and Waldenbooks.   There were several developments at the retail end of the book stores which really improved production of books and several other aspects including author profiles, wholesales, etc.   Supermarkets, malls and libraries began to be developed so that retailing could pick up.   One of the largest book chains stores in the US has been Barnes and Noble.   It employees about 20, 000 staff and had made sales of about 2.45 million dollars in the year 1996.   Barnes and Nobles remained as two separate store chains and were actually combined by Leonard Riggio in the year 1971.   The company has several stores in New York, Manhattan and Boston.   Barnes and Noble acquired Dalton chain of stores in 1985 for about 300 million dollars.   Barnes and Noble have also started with other busi nesses in the field of books.   They also have mail order book services and book clubs.   Barnes and Noble also set up shop in Canada, but it has major operations in the US.   The procurement of books for the malls and superstores of Barnes and Nobles has been centralized. Jeff Bezos had founded Amazon.com in the year 1995 and it reached sales of about 16 million dollars in the year 1996.   About 7600 employees were present in the organization in that year.   Amazon.com can reach much more people compared to Barnes and Noble, but it can sell only online, unlike Barnes and Noble.   Online booking selling seems to have one disadvantage over store book selling.   The customers in the stores are able to feel the book and read excerpts of the book.   In such a circumstance, they would be more interested in buying the book and would find the book its money’s worth.   With time, the internet is beginning to change, and many of the manufacturers are beginning to show case the product and actually permit the customer to sample it using the internet.   With the bookshelf model, it does seem that it would be costly to get the investment to setup the place, build shelves and get the logistics.   In comparison, an online store does not requir e much of investment and infrastructure.   The customer can access the online bookstore from almost any part of the world and can select the book.   The user would need only a computer, an Internet connection, and a membership username and within a short period of time the product would be delivered to the house. Willingness to pay is the maximum money the customer would be willing to pay for a product and it would demonstrate that the customer is concerned about the quality of the product; costs spend on the production and the good name of the product.   This characteristic varies from one individual to another and from one company to another.   Several characteristics play a major role including the quality, brand name, reputation, equity, etc.   Studies have shown that when the price of a product was lowered, below the willingness to pay, the customer is more likely to obtain the product.   The customer would obtain the product satisfactorily, if the price equals the willingness to pay.   The customer would not be happy if the price of the product is higher than the willingness to pay.   Barnes and Noble has a good reputation and has it stores located in various parts of the US.   The customers have a high willingness to pay for their products.   On the other hand, the will ingness to pay is lower for Amazon.com as the reputation and quality anticipated is not as high compared to Barnes and Noble.   Although people are paying more money for Barnes and Noble products, they feel they are obtaining more value for their money compared to Amazon.com.   Barnes and Noble is an older product and has a better reputation than Amazon.com.   People are more likely to trust Barnes and Noble.   In the US, Barnes and noble is a household name with several local stores.   On the other hand, Amazon.com is an online store. Q2. Assess Barnes Nobles response to the substitution threat from Amazon. How did Amazon respond and to what effect? When Amazon was launched in the year 1995, it was termed as the ‘Earths biggest river-Earths biggest bookstore’.   In the year 1995, the company ran it sales up to 0.5 million dollars, 16 million dollars in 1997 and 82 million dollars in the year 1997.   Amazon.com was eating into the sustainability of Barnes and Noble.   Substitution threat is a situation in which one player would be using an opportunity created by the vacuum left by the shortcomings or the deficiency of the other player.   The extent to which the opportunity exists depends on the characteristics of either player.   Amazon was using the deficiencies of Barnes and Noble to a great extent.   They were exploiting the limitations to store shopping and using the benefits of online business.   They were many ways in which Amazon were using the substitution threat such recombining, straddling, fighting, harvesting, etc.   However, Barnes and Noble began to attack Amazon’s online strategy in January 1997.   The company went online and offered the customers huge discounts for online hardcover and paperback versions (up to 30 %).   At the same time it also filed a litigation against Amazon.com for having the slogan â€Å"Earth’s biggest bookstore’, when it was actually not.   It wanted to launch an all-round offensive against Amazon.   Barnes and Noble felt that Amazon was not a bookseller but a book broker.   Using the substitution threat again, Barnes and Noble wanted to dominate the online book market.   Barnes and Noble wanted to become the leader in online bookselling by displacing Amazon within a period of two years.   They felt that online business offered much greater opportunities, as people could not find a bookstore with a variety. People from even other countries could do online shopping and improve the sales of the company.   The investment over infrastructure and setting up a shop was much higher compared to a bookstore compared to online shopping.   People, who did not have the time to search for a bookstore, could now do it setting in the comfort of their homes.   This seemed to be one of the greatest advantages of online shopping.   Through online shopping, the books could be advertised and marketed and this could really boost sales.   Barnes and Noble operated a sorting facility in Jamesburg, and slowly this facility began to expand.   They developed a very efficient strategy in comparison to Amazon, and claimed to bring the book to the customer much faster than what Amazon actually did.   However, the operations of both, Barnes and Noble and Amazon were similar.   Barnes and Noble also created better web features compared to Amazon.   They also separated out the online operations from the bookstore in order to evade tax.   At the back end of the operations, Barnes and Noble also tried to establish relations with the publishers and the wholesalers.   One advantage the company had observed was that the operations were much lesser compared to a standard bookstore as infrastructure costs were saved.   Barnes and Noble soon began to offer to the online customers, books at the wholesale or warehouse rates.   The company also offered several services.   Many people felt that the services offered by Barnes and Noble were much similar to that offered by Amazon.   The software tool of Barnes and Noble was much superior to that of Amazon.   The company permitted the customers to store personal data and also buy the books very easily.   They also signed up with several Internet organizations such as AOL and the New York Times to provide extra services.   AOL provided software and news services. Once Barnes and Noble actually entered into the online market, Amazon began to feel the heat and suggested breakthrough measures for the customers in order to increase their sales.   They offered higher discounts to the customers (up to 40 %) and added more than a million titles to the online book collections.   They also offered personalized services so that the customer could use the software and select books according to their personal preferences.   They also developed ties with several software giants such as Yahoo, Excite and AOL.com.   The company developed a very strong advisement and publicity strategy so that the public could select its products compared to that of Barnes and Noble. The services provided by Barnes and Noble were much similar to that of Amazon but some of these services were different in nature.   Barnes and Noble were also trying to imitate the business of Amazon by using a successful business model.   By collaborating with some of the website with which Barnes and Noble also had combined.   As Barnes and Noble offered personalized services, it could be combined to the Harvesting model of substitution. Barnes and Noble also tried develop a website much richer than that of Amazon.   Barnes and Noble also began to involve the operations of the book supply system so as to improve the online strategy.   The software technology utilized by Barnes and Noble was also much superior to that of Amazon.   During the initial period Barnes and Noble failed to draw in huge customers. I do feel that the marketing strategy played by Barnes and Noble to launch its product was not very effective.   It was able to achieve its objectives only to some extent.   Amazon had its name already established in the online book market.   They were seeking to make relationships with the customers and improve their business further.  Ã‚   Although Amazon had already established itself in the market, Barnes and Noble were eating up its share. Q3. Considering both Barnes Nobel and Amazon, how sustainable will their respective business models be in the future? Who will be the online leader? Give reasons. Sustainability of a business is threatened by imitation, substitution, holdup and slack.   The added value of the business is threatened by imitation and substitution.   The added values cannot be used to obtain the benefits if holdup and slack threats are present.   In fact holdup may divert the benefits to the suppliers and the customers.   Several factors are present in the market, which would help to determine the ability to attract.   These five factors that may be present include: threat from several new comers, rivalry between the competitors, ability of the buyers to bargain or demand more, strength of the suppliers in the market, and the substitution threat (such as changes in technology).   Porter, an American Aeronautical engineer to determine the competitive strength of a business and to evaluate its market position, framed these factors or forces.   The Porters five-force analysis is frequently utilized with other management tools such as SWOT analysis and PEST analysis to determine the strategy a company should be following.   Companies can also develop business decisions and plan investment according to the Porters analysis (Chapman, 2005). The new entrant in the field on online bookselling was Amazon.com.   It began to be functional in the year 1996.   It had sales of about 150 million dollars in the year 1997.   It had also developed huge amount of losses in the year 1996 and 1997.   Bezos had actually developed Amazon.com keeping in mind the potential of the Internet.   Jeff Bezos was also found of the bookselling business, and seeking the huge potential of the Internet.   He founded the Amazon.com Inc, and had a stake of about 41 %.   He was much fascinated with online trading in other fields and soon began to employ it for book selling.   He developed the slogan Earths biggest river-Earths biggest bookstore to describe his bookstore.   Amazon developed a virtual storehouse, which was catering to its online operations.   This was located in Seattle. The company on purpose did not offer huge amount of graphics to the users on its website as it felt that the speed of downloading would be reduced. The competitors of Amazon.com in the field of online bookselling were Barnes and Noble.   This was basically following the slogan â€Å"Earths biggest bookstore, which it strongly opposed and brought about a lawsuit.   The first thing that Barnes and noble did was to have litigation against Amazon.com for using this slogan.   Barnes and Noble claimed that Amazon was a mere agent that was passing on the books to the public.   The company began to offer huge amounts of discounts that bought books from them online.   About 20 % discount was offered for the paperback versions and 30 % for the hardbound versions.   The company initially planned to become the top online bookseller within a period of two years.   Barnes and Noble developed its own sorting out facility for Internet orders at Jamesburg.   They started to compete with Amazon.com in beating them out in promptly serving the customers with the orders.   They were able to delivery the orders faster to the custom ers, but their charges were similar to that of Amazon.com.   The graphics of the website that belonged to Barnes and Noble was much more esthetically pleasing compared to Amazon.com.   The site began to provide with personalized services.   The company claimed that it did not have to pay much for initiating online operations.   Barnes and Noble worked in collaboration with AOL.com.   This company was providing several online services to its customers.   It had provided great software support to Barnes and Noble.   It also collaborated with The New York Times in providing a book review. The buyers are the people who actually purchase the books from the booksellers. They would be looking at several benefits they would be having from the company which include the costs of the books, marketing, advertisement, brand name, services provided, reputation, delivery time, discounts provided, range of after sales services, etc.   The education level, nationality and intelligence of the buyers play a major role in determining the book company they would be selecting.   Even Bill Gates was one of Amazon’s customers, and it felt that the website offered a huge collection within a very short period of time.   The online services offered by Amazon were very user friendly.   The company also provided several online services to the buyers such as information of the books, interview with the writers, etc.   Barnes and Noble went to provide a discount for the buyers.   The felt that the customers ha a huge benefit over Internet shopping.   They could save time and also access the Internet as per their time of convenience.   Even international customers were benefited through the online business model.   Amazon was able to offer greater amount of discounts to the customer and also seemed to have a larger online collection compared to Barnes and Noble. The fourth factor is the suppliers that provide the books to the online booksellers.   Ingram and Doubleday supply Amazon and Barnes and Noble has its own warehouse for supplies.   The booksellers should be able to obtain the logistics within a very short period and should be able to supply the customer immediately.   In an online shopping model, it is very important to answer to the demands of the customer immediately. The fifth factor is the substitution threat.   According to this threat one player would be filling up the deficiency created by another.   In this case, Amazon had left a very small gap, and Barnes and Noble were effective in filling this gap.   It provided the customers with discounts, and faster delivery times.   Besides, it was able to provide the customers with a more appealing website and personalized services. With relation to the online leader, I do feel that Amazon.com is more likely to be an online leader in book sales.   Amazon.com was the first to start with the concept of online book selling.   It was able to setup global or international customers much earlier than Barnes and Noble.   Although, they cannot be termed has having a bookstore, they are turning out to be good agents, providing highly specialized services to the customers.   The online collection and options that Amazon.com is providing is much larger as that compared to Barnes and Noble.   It is also providing greater amount of discounts compared to Barnes and Noble.   Amazon.com is exclusively an online vendor but Barnes and Noble is a bookstore vendor, which has recently extended its services online.   As Amazon provides its customers with other online services (shopping of other products), it could provide several other benefits to its customers.   The customers could also buy other products from its w ebsite.   Hence, on the whole, Amazon.com is more likely to provide a greater range of services compared to Barnes and Noble.   As Amazon does not have any offline trading, it is more flexible to incorporate changes than Barnes and Noble.   Hence, they are more likely to adapt to changes in the market.   Amazon would also be spending less money on infrastructure and hence is in a better position to offer discounts to the customers and at the same time make profits.

How to Sex Pet Millipedes

How to Sex Pet Millipedes Because millipedes breed easily in captivity, its a good idea to know the gender of any millipedes you keep together in one terrarium. If you dont want a large number of millipedes to care for, choose millipedes of just one gender, or dont mix males and females together. Its fairly easy to tell the difference, if you know how to sex pet millipedes. Male millipedes have gonopods in place of their legs, usually on their 7th body segment from the head. The gonopods are modified legs used for transferring the spermatophore to the female. In some millipede species, the gonopods are visible, while in others they are hidden. In either case, you should be able to identify a millipede as male by examining the underside of the 7th segment. For species in which the male gonopods are visible, you will see two small stumps in place of a pair of legs. If the gonopods are hidden, you should notice a gap where the legs would be, as compared to any other segment on the body. In females, the 7th segment will look just like all the others, with two pairs of legs. For more on keeping millipedes as pets, read my Guide to Caring for Pet Millipedes.

Korean Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Korean Art - Essay Example One of the leaders in the Monochrome Art Movement, Ha Chong-Hyun (1935) used landscaping techniques in his works so to express the way he saw man as not being separable to nature (Art World of Ha Chong-Hyun). Kwon Young woo (1926) on the other hand, used simple composition out of paper by tearing, sticking, perforating, and coloring paper to create abstract modern paintings. His purpose was to break down the gap between Korean painting and the Western painting - This was obviously what the Minjung Art Movement was against (The 11 Great Korean Artists). Minjung artists, on the other hand, used a more revolutionized technique in painting. This is one of the biggest differences between the two movements. They used different vivid colors and facial expressions in their works to show their feelings toward capitalists and imperialists. Their techniques though were adopted from Buddhist paintings and narrative art. In this image ECRITURE NO. 000105, Park Seo-bo used one color pattern only although it dramatically shows the lights and shades, as well as for image 2 - Ecriture 000105 2000. ... Both paintings resemble nature. They show movement and harmony. Although the works of Minjung Art painters were quite different from those of Monochrome Art Movement because of their use of colors, they are similar in the use of patterns. Both painting techniques use patterns in design and color as well. In the next images, you can see vibrant colors in the Minjung Art paintings, but still, they follow a certain pattern as to the color of the clothes used, accessories, and background. The next images represent the Minjung Art Movement: (SoRi-MoRi Philadelphia Korean Cultural Troupe www.sorimori.org/eng/aboutus/mission.php) ("The Kabo Peasants' War" koreaweb.ws/minjungart) Both paintings used different colors and detailed faces. It is also similar in some way to the Monochromatic Art technique because it also follows a certain pattern in direction. Both have symmetry and balance. Works Cited Jung, Jun-mo. The 11 Great Korean Artists. Kim, Yong-na. 20th Century Korean Art. NJ: Laurence King Publishing, 2005 Seo-bo, Park. "Ecriture 000105" Online image. "Ecriture 000105 2000" Online image. Park Ryu Sook Gallery. Path: Galleries; Asian Artists Smith, Edward Lucie. Art World of Ha Chong-Hyun. 2007/08/02Path: Criticism; Art World of Ha Chong-Hyun-Edward Lucie-Smith l Art Critic "SoRi-MoRi Philadelphia Korean Cultural Troupe" Online image. Yon'guso, Kyore Misul. "The Kabo Peasants' War" Online image. Our People's Art

Functional Level Strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Functional Level Strategies - Assignment Example Through the use of a variety of various marketing strategies, the company has navigated through all the kinds of competition that have come its way. The primary mission of the HR department in any business organization is to provide guidance, facilitation, and coordination in the unit (HRM guide 2009). It also engages in efforts to offer innovative and cost-effective human resource projects that lead to measurable outcomes whose aim is to support the strategic goals of the organization. This is achieved through recruiting, retaining, developing, and rewarding the staff which is their most prized resource. In this engagement, the human resource office provides equality of opportunity and equity at the workplace to all members of the Coca-Cola community. The future of any company depends on how well the employers of the company are treated (Storey 1999). In that aspect, the human resource department is a very vital department in the organizational setup. It is the people and not the technology or any other production factor that makes a company. The benefits that accrue to the aspect of human resource management are quite enormous. Given the fact that this is a global company with a wide range of variations in its composition of staff, then it requires great skills in harnessing the differences towards achieving unity of purpose to execute the different tasks that the company does engage in (Scribd 2008). the personnel department is charged with the responsibility of job analysis. This involves the process through which the necessary duties and skills of a specific job are determined. The objective of the department would be a job description and secondly job specification. The department thus gets the education requirements, personality issues among other things that affect the job vacancies to be filled (Allen 1994). The HR department also develops the appraisal criteria to be employed in the different jobs on offer.  

Theories of Deviance | Essay

Theories of Deviance | Essay Deviance by most popular concept is the violation of the norms, values and ethics. The literal meaning of deviance is The fact or state of departing from usual or accepted standards, especially in social or sexual behavior. In sociological terms deviance is described as The act of going against social and cultural norms, including rules and laws. The study of deviance tries to prove that the changing of norms help contribute to deviant criminal behavior. The deviant activity is divided into two types, Informal and Formal deviance. The violation of the formally enacted laws is the formal deviance i.e. crime e.g. robbery, theft. The violation of the informal social norms that are not formal laws is informal deviance e.g. picking ones nose. Deviance is described in its statistical and absolute terms. A definition of deviance, which relies on rigid reference to moral or ethical codes that are presumably universal, we call an absolute definition of deviance. A good example of absolute deviance can be found in the moral codes of the Christian faith and especially in the Ten Commandments which stipulate a set of behaviors that are presumably universally frowned upon by God. Thou shalt not kill. Thou shalt not steal. Individuals who commit these acts are considered deviant. A statistical definition of deviance would define as deviant any behavior, attitude, or opinion that strays away from normal behavior. Now its very important to understand what we mean by normal here because in this case we are not using a moral compass to determine deviance but a statistical compass. In statistics, normal has a very specific definition. In statistics, normal is basically the most prevalent or common behavior, attitude, or thing. For example, in Canadian society the majority of people get up in the morning to go to work and thus it is normal to wake up in the morning and go to work. It is also normal to water your lawn and keep it green. (Sosteric) There are three levels of explanation in the study of deviant behavior. A first level of explanation is concerned with the existence of the different forms of human behavior that occur in any society. It is always necessary to take account of processes of socialization. A second level of explanation is concerned with the variation in norms between social groups, as manifested particularly in cultural and subcultural differences. Socialization takes place within particular social groups, and it is the norms of these groups that provide the standards for the identification of particular kinds of behavior as deviant. The third, and final, level of explanation is concerned with the ways in which particular individuals are identified as deviants by others and so come to develop a deviant identity. This is the matter of social reaction and control. (scott 238) Deviance is very much related to ethnicity. Ethnicity contributes a lot to the deviant behavior adopted by people in a society. Here it is important to note that there are many factors included in ethnicity to clearly explain the deviant behavior. They include class, education, place, family etc. An ethnic group may be in minority at some place which can contribute to the deviant behavior of its members. They may not be given enough privileges and basic facilities or they may be oppressed which can be a causal of the deviant behavior form its members. An ethnic group can be considered as deviant from the dominating group if there customs and norms are contrary to each other. Being in minority can cause them to lose faith in the local authorities, police, courts which can be leading to a deviant behavior. Within the ethnicity, economic class is a dominating factor for deviance. People from lower classes are seen to be more involved in deviant behavior due to financial constraints. Financial constraints may increase the inclination of people to commit economic crimes such as theft, burglary, armed robbery and street level drug dealing (Merton 1997) Two early explanations emerged to explain the role of different variables in deviant behavior- cultural deviance and strain theories. Both held class as central variable in shaping either values or access to opportunities. According to cultural deviance, structural position and location produced subcultural interactions that gave rise to deviant values (Cohen 1955). Strain theory argued that class lead to blocked opportunities in achieving the shared American Dream which then fosters deviant alternatives for economic success (Cloward and Ohlin 1960) Most Deviant people have peers. They are encouraged and supported by their peers for their deviant behavior. Another factor is that of family. Deviance is more common in people with single parent family. This means that perhaps instead of getting their beliefs, values, and norms from home they get them from their peers who will be deviant also.  This maybe because your peers are a secondary method of socialization, so if there are no parents to be the agents of primary socialization the peers will take their place.  As the peers are deviant, it would mean for them to fit into their culture they must i.e. they must also go against the norms, be deviant. (CourseworkHelp) Social visibility and stereotypical image of a minority ethnicity gives rise to deviance. Education is also one of the determinants. Usually non educated people are more likely to show deviant behavior as they are not fully aware of the norms of the society. Their kids from their primary socialization also learn to be deviant more likely than the kid whose parents are educated. Street crime has become very common in American and European communities by ethnic minorities. Negros, Afro Americans, African Caribbeans are involved in street crime for most of the time. There is growing evidence that members of ethnic minorities in Britain have become more heavily involved with the legal system since the 1960s. They are now especially likely to appear as offenders and, more particularly, as victims of crime and as police suspects. African Caribbeans, however, are almost twice as likely as whites to be the offenders of personal attacks. This is, in part, a consequence of the fact that African Caribbeans live, disproportionately, in inner-city areas where such crimes are particularly likely to take place. However, their experiences also have a racially motivated character. They are also being victimized by White for many serious crimes. This growing victimization of black people reflects a real growth in racial violence and racist attacks by members of the white pop ulation. While criminal acts carried out during the urban riots of the 1980s often had a racial aspect to them, blacks are far more likely to be the targets of racial crimes than they are to commit them. This racial discrimination adds to the fire of ethnic minority. There has, nevertheless, been a growing involvement of young African Caribbeans in many kinds of street crime. The police hold to a widely shared prejudice that African Caribbeans, in particular, are heavily involved in crime and that special efforts need to be taken to control them. Many studies have shown the racism inherent in police actions that stop black people in the street and subject them to closer scrutiny than other members of the population. African Caribbeans are more likely than whites, and members of other ethnic minorities, to be approached by the police on suspicion, to be prosecuted, and to be sentenced. This is reflected in a growing hostility of ethnic minorities towards the police, who are often see n as racists rather than neutral defenders of law and order. African Caribbeans in minority and living in the slums of Britain, belonging to lower classes are more likely to commit street crime. Young blacks are more likely to be involved due to peer pressure and single parent families. They have higher levels of unemployment than whites which produce greater temptation for crime. (scott 238) Afro-Caribbeans have younger age profile than ethnic majority (more young men) which means there are more people at peak offending age (14 21). (Livesey) Due to Self-fulfilling prophecy (police believe young blacks more likely to be involved in crime) results in more targeting and more arrests of ethnic minorities. Deviancy Amplification process occurs whereby police stereotyping and scapegoating of ethnic minorities result in appearance of more crime amongst ethnic minorities. (Livesey) Reported by famous newspaper London evening standard was the news A study shows that Black teenagers commit high levels of street crime and carry guns because they come from broken homes and have little faith in the police, it has been claimed. A report by MPs revealed that although young blacks make up less than 3 per cent of the population of ten to 17-year-olds, they account for 26 per cent of arrests for robbery within that age group. They also represent 6 per cent of those from the age group in the criminal justice system, and 8.5 per cent of those arrested for all crimes, including a disproportionate number of street offences. They are more likely to be responsible for, and victims of, gun murders. Disillusionment with the police was blamed for revenge attacks and youngsters carrying weapons such as guns. Lack of confidence in the criminal justice system may mean some young black people take the law into their own hands or carry weapons in an attempt to distribute justice and e nsure their own personal safety. The study follows a series of killings on and by young blacks. One of the highlighted example is of the stabbing of Damilola Taylor, ten, in 2000 and the gunning down of Letisha Shakespeare, 17, and Charlene Ellis, 18, in a gang feud in Birmingham in 2003.Recent cases include the killing of Tom ap Rhys Pryce, 31, a white lawyer, at the hands of two black teenagers while trying to snatch his mobile phone. (London Evening Standard) There are several sociological, psychological and biological theories explaining the relation between deviance and ethnicity. Few of the famous sociological theories include Conflict theory, Labeling theory, Symbolic interactionism, Functionalism etc. The conflict perspective  focuses on the negative, conflicted, and ever-changing nature of society. Unlike functionalists who defend the status quo, avoid social change, and believe people cooperate to effect social order, conflict theorists challenge the status quo, encourage social change (even when this means social revolution), and believe rich and powerful people force social order on the poor and the weak. (Cliff Notes) The blacks in British society have conflicting values and agendas which give rise to the deviant behavior of the blacks. The minority of the blacks and the repression by the white adds to the fire of the blacks and they tend to go against the norms of the society. Whites are considered to be in the upper and higher statues of the society whereas blacks are considered to be the low status people and the status conflict leads the minority blacks to no abide by the social norms and values and revolt against it. Their deviant behavior is also because of the cultural differences between the blacks and the whites, between how they react to different situations. Whites try to dominate and impose themselves on the blacks, they grab highest positions in society, and they are in top institutions, in legislation, in government. They try to impose their normal social order on everyone resulting in conflicts with the blacks differing from them in many ways. One of the main factors of inequality a nd the criminal activities of blacks is that of finance. White are financially well off and this inequality among the society is responsible for the black minorities to be involved in crimes in order to get the basic necessities of life. The political institutions are also dominant by whites so there is no benefit for blacks to have their voices raised and heard by the concerned authorities, who are also whites. Howard S. Becker gave the famous labeling theory which describes how the behaviors of the individuals are related to the terms used to classify them and associated with the concept of Stereotyping. Labeling theory also explains the deviant behavior of blacks in Britain. Police and judiciary have a stereotypical image of the blacks to be mostly involved in crime, thus the attitude of these two institutions creates a sense of inferiority in blacks as they are always the suspects of some criminal activity. This leads them to go against these institutions. Beside these two theories there are several sociological concepts which explain other factors of the street crime. They include control theory, rational choice theory, strain theory etc. But the main explanation is given by the conflict and labeling theory.

How Mary Rowlandsons Puritan Beliif Influenced Her Narrative of Her Captivity Essay

Some people are just better suited for things and situations then others. If you want a really hard math equation done maybe you should look in the depths of the library. If you need help moving into a new house and are moving heavy stuff go to the nearest weight room. Everyone, for the most part, is usually good for something. In this narrative, religion is everywhere.With verse after verse being quoted from the Bible. Some people have many Gods while most have one reining all-powerful being. In the case of Mary Rowlandson, I believe her being a puritan and having the strong puritan beliefs made her more suitable for dealing with the trails she was about to face then say a everyday church goer. Being the wife of a preacher it shows in the text Mary was solidly grounded in her faith making and well knowledgeable See more: how to start a narrative essay introduction The Puritan Belief is one that was quite popular in the colonies at that time. Major Puritan beliefs are taken seriously. A Puritan had to be a hard worker, be honest about everything and to be able to be self sufficient even though they believed that life on this earth was of little importance, that they shouldn’t worry too much because life is temporary. That all people’s faith is already predetermined from the second they were born. From Mary’s point of view she was very obedient to her husband. The Father was the backbone of Puritan households; he had control over everything and led the family financially and spiritually. In the start of Mary’s captivity she is living in Lancaster with her family when the natives attack them. Almost everyone on the village is brutally killed or wounded or taken into captivity and bargained for goods from the colonist for their lives. Mary’s family members were either killed or wounded. She witnessed the brutality of the Indians as she describes in one man in her village wounded in the ground begging for his life and the natives ripped him naked and removed all his bowels (Salisbury, p.68). Now separated from all but her very wounded daughter the natives begin to take them northwest. Eventually her daughter, Sarah, passes away from her injuries. This trail in Mary’s life for many people would spell doom. I don’t think if Mary were a devout Puritan she would have not survived the hardship of losing her daughter plus the abuse of being a captive to the natives. Even with her strong faith Mary writes about her waning faith, the bitterness in her heart and intense sadness she is feeling During this time Mary describes the natives of being like demons. Workers for the evil doings of Satan (Salisbury, p.71). That the natives are more then just enemies of war but enemies of the Christian faith and the spread of the goodness of God. Saying many times over she yearns for the company of fellow Christians. While writing this narrative Mary constantly revaluates her faith. Even saying at one point after the death of her daughter then she has not been showing the lord enough attention on the Sabbath. Saying at one time â€Å"The next day was the Sabbath: then I remembered how many Sabbaths I had lost and misspent, and how evilly I had walked in Gods sight†(Salisbury, p.74). Mary realizes that she must keep her faith if she is going to survive this ordeal. She always quotes scripture to understand or squander any obstacle she faces. Even in the smallest things she quotes scripture, while walking she simply slips a quotes a Psalm, â€Å"When my foot slipped, thy mercy, O Lord, help me up†(Salisbury, p.96). Reinforcing her puritan beliefs that God had a plan for her. That everything that was happening to her was in an already predetermined plan. God though seems from my point of view was watching over Mary. When her wounds are worsening she happens to run into a British man that had similar injuries and showed her how to heal them. During one of the Indians raids on the Medfield colony, one of the natives recovered a Bible that they allowed Mary to read(Salisbury, p.76). When she needed food somehow she found a way to get food or some was provided for her. King Philip is a tribal leader that even though the war bears his name is not so violent him-self and makes Mary’s survival chances brighter. Mary gets word from a man that her husband is alive and she gets to see her children which gives her hope that she will live with them again. All these things some small some larger made God seem present with her. Mary knows the Puritan belief requires them to be self-sufficient. She foraged for nuts and grain and started sewing to trade for either meals or goods like tobacco, which she could sell. Mary is always honest with the natives. Never ling to them about her plans or what she thought. Mary Rowlandson’s narrative on this story did show me how during rough times during the early colonies these religious puritans held strong. Though some beliefs of the new bay puritans may be drastic if seems it was the perfect religion for that time. Throughout the story Mary is tempted with signs of rescue but never truly curses God or defiles him. Personally Mary’s story is very similar to Jobs, who she quotes one or twice, in which God allows Satan to bring many hardships on him to challenge his faith because Satan believe since God blesses Job with many things when all is taken from him he will abandon God and curse him. Job never does though saying to his wife, â€Å"Shall we only except the good things from God and not the Bad?† Mary’s perseverance eventually leads to her release and she is reunited with most of her family. Her Puritan belief kept her mentally and spiritually prepared for what she had to go through and inspired her to write such a powerful story of faith and hope.

The World s First Electric Light Essay - 1326 Words

Introduction Many centuries ago people did not need much energy. Back then, people used the sun or burned wood and straw for heat. People used the wind force in sails or horses to go anywhere in the world and used animals to do the work humans could not do. Although, humans did use simple machines that could ground grain, pump water, and even utilize steam power. Steam engines transformed over time and by the 18th century the modern steam engine, fueled by coal, could do the job of a team of horses. Since steam engines were much more favorable compared to air and wind power, steam engines were used to power factories and coal was used to heat up buildings. By the late 1800s, the world’s first coal powered electric generator was made, the world’s first electric light was used, and the world’s first hydroelectric plant was utilized. A few years later a new type of fuel was becoming well-known, petroleum. Initially it had been an inconvenience for polluting water but by the end of the century oil, turned into gasoline, powered up engines. With the spread of economical gas cars and electricity, society’s energy use rapidly increased. Power plants became massive and power lines stretched out from hundreds of miles between cities, even during The Great Depression. After World War II, the use of energy was quickly doubling every 10 years and it concerned no one. That changed in the 70s when Arab oil producing countries stopped providing oil to the Western nations. The oil pricesShow MoreRelatedWhat Did Edison Make The Changed And Impacted The World Today?1484 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom the inventors in 1880 s and 1890 s. And Thomas Edison is one of the famous inventor. So many of Edison s inventions are held in such a high regard that he is considered the greatest inventor of all time. 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Wedding Blessings and Quotations for Newlyweds

Till death do us part. This section  of the wedding vows, or something like it, is the highlight of many wedding ceremonies. As you exchange rings with your beloved, you feel a sense of oneness, a union of souls. For the newlyweds, the journey has just begun. If you want to bless the young couple with a lifetime of happiness, here are some special wedding blessings. John Lennon: 1940-1980; English singer-songwriterwith the Beatles and solo Love is a promise, love is a souvenir, once given never forgotten, never let it disappear. Oscar Wilde: 1854-1900, Irish poet and playwright Keep love in your heart. A life without it is like a sunless garden when the flowers are dead. The consciousness of loving and being loved brings a warmth and richness to life that nothing else can bring. Antoine de Saint-Exupry: 1900-1944, French poet, journalist, and aviator Life has taught us that love does not consist in gazing at each other but in looking outward together in the same direction. Aristotle: 384 B.C.-322 B.C., Greek philosopher and scientist Love is composed of a single soul inhabiting two bodies. Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.: 1809-1894, American physician, writer, and humorist Love is the master key that opens the gates of happiness. Helen Keller: 1880-1968,American author, political activist, and lecturer. The best and most beautiful things in this world cannot be seen or even heard, but must be felt with the heart. Leo Buscaglia: 1924-1998, Americanprofessor, author, andmotivational speaker The life and love we create is the life and love we live. Mignon McLaughlin: 1913-1983, American journalist and author Love is the silent saying and saying of a single name. Andre Maurois: 1885-1967, French author A successful marriage is an edifice that must be rebuilt every day. Amy Grant: 1960- present, American singer-songwriter The more you invest in a marriage, the more valuable it becomes.